Description
A crematorium (also known as a crematory, cremator or retort) is a machine in which bodies are burned down to the bones, eliminating all soft tissue. While open outdoor pyres were used in the past and are often still used in many areas of the world today, notably India, most cremation in industrialized nations takes place within enclosed furnaces designed to maximize utilization of the thermal energy consumed while minimizing the emission of smoke and odors. A human body usually contains a negative caloric value, meaning that energy is required to combust it. This is a result of the high-water content; all water must be vaporized which requires a very large amount of thermal energy. A 68 kg (150 lbs) body which contains 65% water will require 100 MJ of thermal energy before any combustion will take place. 100 MJ is approximately equivalent to 3 m3 (105 ft3) of natural gas, or 3 liters of fuel oil. Additional energy is necessary to make up for the heat capacity (“preheating”) of the furnace, fuel burned for emissions control, and heat losses through the insulation and in the flue gases. Crematorium is most often heated by Electric heating Elements or burners fueled by fuel oil or any other natural gas. Crematorium contains a primary and secondary combustion chamber. These chambers are lined with a refractory brick designed to withstand the high temperatures. The primary chamber contains the body – one at a time usually contained in some type of combustible casket or container. This chamber has at least one burner to provide the heat which vaporizes the water content of the body and aids in combustion of the organic portion. A large door exists to load the body container. Temperature in the primary chamber is typically between 760 and 1150 °C. The secondary chamber may be at the rear or above the primary chamber. A secondary burner(s) fires into this chamber, oxidizing any organic material which passes from the primary chamber. This acts as a method of pollution control to eliminate the emission of odors and smoke. The secondary chamber typically operates at a temperature greater than 900 °C (1650 °F). after that it was also coupled with Air Pollution Controlling Device Gases came from Secondary chamber will go in it where These gases then pass through Venturi Scrubber where a water jet injected in the gas stream. This brings the gas temperature down to nearly 70 to 80˚C.This cooled gas steam is then passed through a Droplet Separator where most of particulate matter is washed off in water stream. The PH of water is maintained nearly 8, by adding sodium hydroxide to water so as to absorb objection gas like Sulphur dioxide etc. improving the quality of combustion gases so that these can be disposed off in atmosphere and minimize the objectionable material to atmosphere. To maintain a negative pressure in the system an induced draft is created through a fan that sucks the produced gases from combustion through quencher and wet scrubber and sent it to chimney.
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